Bangkok (English pronunciation: /'bækk/) is the capital and
the most populous city of Thailand. It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha or simply About this sound Krung Thep (help·info).
The city occupies 1,568.7 square kilometres (605.7 sq mi) in the Chao Phraya
River delta in Central Thailand, and has a population of over eight million, or
12.6 percent of the country's population. Over fourteen million people (22.2
percent) live within the surrounding Bangkok Metropolitan Region, making
Bangkok an extreme primate city, dwarfing Thailand's other urban centres in
terms of importance.
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Bangkok traces its roots to a small trading post during the
Ayutthaya Kingdom in the 15th century, which eventually grew in size and became
the site of two capital cities: Thonburi in 1768 and Rattanakosin in 1782.
Bangkok was at the heart of Siam's (as Thailand used to be known) modernization
during the later nineteenth century, as the country faced pressures from the
West. The city was the centre stage of Thailand's political struggles
throughout the twentieth century, as the country abolished absolute monarchy,
adopted constitutional rule and underwent numerous coups and uprisings. The
city grew rapidly during the 1960s through the 1980s and now exerts a
significant impact among Thailand's politics, economy, education, media and
modern society.
The Asian investment boom in the 1980s and 1990s led many
multinational corporations to locate their regional headquarters in Bangkok.
The city is now a major regional force in finance and business. It is an
international hub for transport and health care, and is emerging as a regional
centre for the arts, fashion and entertainment. The city's vibrant street life
and cultural landmarks, as well as its notorious red-light districts, have
given it an exotic appeal. The historic Grand Palace and Buddhist temples including
Wat Arun and Wat Pho stand in contrast with other tourist attractions such as
the nightlife scenes of Khaosan Road and Patpong. Bangkok is among the world's
top tourist destinations. It is named the most visited city in MasterCard's
Global Destination Cities Index, and has been named "World's Best
City" for four consecutive years by Travel + Leisure magazine.
Bangkok's rapid growth amidst little urban planning and
regulation has resulted in a haphazard cityscape and inadequate infrastructure
systems. Limited roads, despite an extensive expressway network, together with
substantial private car usage, have resulted in chronic and crippling traffic
congestion. This in turn caused severe air pollution in the 1990s. The city has
since turned to public transport in an attempt to solve this major problem.
Four rapid transit lines are now in operation, with more systems under
construction or planned by the national government and the Bangkok Metropolitan
Administration.
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